Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture (Hardcover) (企業應用架構模式)

Martin Fowler

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Table of Contents

Preface.

Who This Book Is For.
Acknowledgements.
Colophon.


Introduction.

Architecture.
Enterprise Applications.
Kinds of Enterprise Application.
Thinking About Performance.
Patterns.
The Structure of the Patterns.

Limitations of These Patterns.

I. THE NARRATIVES.


1. Layering.

The Evolution of Layers in Enterprise Applications.
The Three Principal Layers.
Choosing Where to Run Your Layers.


2. Organizing Domain Logic.

Making a Choice.
Service Layer.


3. Mapping to Relational Databases.

Architectural Patterns.
The Behavioral Problem.
Reading in Data
Structural Mapping Patterns.
Mapping Relationships.

Inheritance.
Building the Mapping. Table of Contents

Preface.

Who This Book Is For.
Acknowledgements.
Colophon.


Introduction.

Architecture.
Enterprise Applications.
Kinds of Enterprise Application.
Thinking About Performance.
Patterns.
The Structure of the Patterns.

Limitations of These Patterns.

I. THE NARRATIVES.


1. Layering.

The Evolution of Layers in Enterprise Applications.
The Three Principal Layers.
Choosing Where to Run Your Layers.


2. Organizing Domain Logic.

Making a Choice.
Service Layer.


3. Mapping to Relational Databases.

Architectural Patterns.
The Behavioral Problem.
Reading in Data
Structural Mapping Patterns.
Mapping Relationships.

Inheritance.
Building the Mapping.
Double Mapping.

Using Metadata.
Database Connections.
Some Miscellaneous Points.
Further Reading.


4. Web Presentation.

View Patterns.
Input Controller Patterns.
Further Reading.


5. Concurrency (by Martin Fowler and David Rice).

Concurrency Problems.
Execution Contexts.
Isolation and Immutability.
Optimistic and Pessimistic Concurrency Control.
Preventing Inconsistent Reads.

Deadlocks.
Transactions.
ACID.
Transactional Resources.

Reducing Transaction Isolation for Liveness.
Business and System Transactions.
Patterns for Offline Concurrency Control.
Application Server Concurrency.
Further Reading.


6. Session State.

The Value of Statelessness.
Session State.
Ways to Store Session State.


7. Distribution Strategies.

The Allure of Distributed Objects.
Remote and Local Interfaces.
Where You Have to Distribute.
Working with the Distribution Boundary.
Interfaces for Distribution.


8. Putting it all TogethR>

Double Mapping.

Using Metadata.
Database Connections.
Some Miscellaneous Points.
Further Reading.


4. Web Presentation.

View Patterns.
Input Controller Patterns.
Further Reading.


5. Concurrency (by Martin Fowler and David Rice).

Concurrency Problems.
Execution Contexts.
Isolation and Immutability.
Optimistic and Pessimistic Concurrency Control.
Preventing Inconsistent Reads.

Deadlocks.
Transactions.
ACID.
Transactional Resources.

Reducing Transaction Isolation for Liveness.
Business and System Transactions.
Patterns for Offline Concurrency Control.
Application Server Concurrency.
Further Reading.


6. Session State.

The Value of Statelessness.
Session State.
Ways to Store Session State.


7. Distribution Strategies.

The Allure of Distributed Objects.
Remote and Local Interfaces.
Where You Have to Distribute.
Working with the Distribution Boundary.
Interfaces for Distribution.


8. Putting it all Together.

Starting With the Domain Layer.
Down to the Data Source.
Data Source for Transaction Script.

Data Source Table Module (125).
Data Source for Domain Model (116).
The Presentation Layer.
Some Technology-Specific Advice.
Java and J2EE.

.NET.
Stored Procedures.
Web Services.
Other.

Starting With the Domain Layer.
Down to the Data Source.
Data Source for Transaction Script.

Data Source Table Module (125).
Data Source for Domain Model (116).
The Presentation Layer.
Some Technology-Specific Advice.
Java and J2EE.

.NET.
Stored Procedures.
Web Services.
Other Layering Schemes.

II. THE PATTERNS.


9. Domain Logic Patterns.

Transaction Script.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
The Revenue Recognition Problem.
Example: Revenue Recognition (Java).
Domain Model.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Revenue Recognition (Java).
Table Module.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Revenue Recognition with a Table Module (C#).
Service Layer(by Randy Stafford).
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Revenue Recognition (Java).


10. Data Source Architectural Patterns.

Table Data Gateway.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Person Gateway (C#).
Example: Using ADO.NET Data Sets (C#).
Row Data Gateway.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: A Person Record (Java).
Example: A Data Holder for a Domain Object (Java).
Active Record.


9. Domain Logic Patterns.

Transaction Script.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
The Revenue Recognition Problem.
Example: Revenue Recognition (Java).
Domain Model.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Revenue Recognition (Java).
Table Module.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Revenue Recognition with a Table Module (C#).
Service Layer(by Randy Stafford).
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Revenue Recognition (Java).


10. Data Source Architectural Patterns.

Table Data Gateway.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Person Gateway (C#).
Example: Using ADO.NET Data Sets (C#).
Row Data Gateway.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: A Person Record (Java).
Example: A Data Holder for a Domain Object (Java).
Active Record.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: A Simple Person (Java).
Data Mapper.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: A Simple Database Mapper (Java).
Example: Separating the Finders (Java).
Example: Creating an Empty Object (Java).


11. Object-Relational Behavioral Patterns.

Unit of Work.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Unit of Work with Object Registration (Java) (by David Rice).
Identity Map.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Methods for an Identity Map (Java).
Lazy Load.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Lazy Initialization (Java).
Example: Virtual Proxy (Java).
Example: Using a Value Holder (Java).
Example: Using Ghosts (C#).


12. Object-Relational Structural Patterns.

Identity Field.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Integral Key (C#).
Example: Using a Key Table (Java).
Example: Using a Compound Key (Java).
Foreign Key Mapping.
How It Works.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: A Simple Person (Java).
Data Mapper.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: A Simple Database Mapper (Java).
Example: Separating the Finders (Java).
Example: Creating an Empty Object (Java).


11. Object-Relational Behavioral Patterns.

Unit of Work.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Unit of Work with Object Registration (Java) (by David Rice).
Identity Map.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Methods for an Identity Map (Java).
Lazy Load.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Lazy Initialization (Java).
Example: Virtual Proxy (Java).
Example: Using a Value Holder (Java).
Example: Using Ghosts (C#).


12. Object-Relational Structural Patterns.

Identity Field.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Integral Key (C#).
Example: Using a Key Table (Java).
Example: Using a Compound Key (Java).
Foreign Key Mapping.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Single-Valued Reference (Java).
Example: Multitable Find (Java).
Example: Collection of References (C#).
Association Table Mapping.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Employees and Skills (C#).
Example: Using Direct SQL (Java).
Example: Using a Single Query for Multiple Employees (Java) (by Matt Foemmel and Martin Fowler).
Dependent Mapping.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Albums and Tracks (Java).
Embedded Value.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Simple Value Object (Java).
Serialized LOB.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Serializing a Department Hierarchy in XML (Java).
Single Table Inheritance.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: A Single Table for Players (C#).
Loading an Object from the Database.
Class Table Inheritance.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Players and Their Kin (C#).
Concrete Table Inheritance.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Concrete PlayeDIV>
When to Use It.
Example: Single-Valued Reference (Java).
Example: Multitable Find (Java).
Example: Collection of References (C#).
Association Table Mapping.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Employees and Skills (C#).
Example: Using Direct SQL (Java).
Example: Using a Single Query for Multiple Employees (Java) (by Matt Foemmel and Martin Fowler).
Dependent Mapping.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Albums and Tracks (Java).
Embedded Value.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Simple Value Object (Java).
Serialized LOB.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Serializing a Department Hierarchy in XML (Java).
Single Table Inheritance.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: A Single Table for Players (C#).
Loading an Object from the Database.
Class Table Inheritance.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Players and Their Kin (C#).
Concrete Table Inheritance.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Concrete Players (C#).
Inheritance Mappers.
How It Works.

When to Use It.


13. Object-Relational Metadata Mapping Patterns.

Metadata Mapping.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Using Metadata and Reflection (Java).
Query Object.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: A Simple Query Object (Java).
Repository (by Edward Hieatt and Rob Mee).
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Finding a Person's Dependents (Java).
Example: Swapping Repository Strategies (Java).


14. Web Presentation Patterns.

Model View Controller.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Page Controller.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Simple Display with a Servlet Controller and a JSP View (Java).
Example: Using a JSP as a Handler (Java).
Example: Page Handler with a Code Behind (C#).
Front Controller.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Simple Disprs (C#).
Inheritance Mappers.
How It Works.

When to Use It.


13. Object-Relational Metadata Mapping Patterns.

Metadata Mapping.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Using Metadata and Reflection (Java).
Query Object.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: A Simple Query Object (Java).
Repository (by Edward Hieatt and Rob Mee).
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Finding a Person's Dependents (Java).
Example: Swapping Repository Strategies (Java).


14. Web Presentation Patterns.

Model View Controller.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Page Controller.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Simple Display with a Servlet Controller and a JSP View (Java).
Example: Using a JSP as a Handler (Java).
Example: Page Handler with a Code Behind (C#).
Front Controller.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Simple Display (Java).
Template View.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Using a JSP as a View with a Separate Controller (Java).
Example: ASP.NET Server Page (C#).
Transform View.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Simple Transform (Java).
Two Step View.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Two Stage XSLT (XSLT).
Example: JSP and Custom Tags (Java).
Application Controller.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: State Model Application Controller (Java).


15. Distribution Patterns.

Remote Facade.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Using a Java Session Bean as a Remote Facade (Java).
Example: Web Service (C#).
Data Transfer Object.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Transferring Information about Albums (Java).
Example: Serializing Using XML (Java).


16. Offline Concurrency Patterns.

Optimistic Offline Lock (by David Rice).
Howlay (Java).
Template View.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Using a JSP as a View with a Separate Controller (Java).
Example: ASP.NET Server Page (C#).
Transform View.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Simple Transform (Java).
Two Step View.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Two Stage XSLT (XSLT).
Example: JSP and Custom Tags (Java).
Application Controller.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: State Model Application Controller (Java).


15. Distribution Patterns.

Remote Facade.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Using a Java Session Bean as a Remote Facade (Java).
Example: Web Service (C#).
Data Transfer Object.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: Transferring Information about Albums (Java).
Example: Serializing Using XML (Java).


16. Offline Concurrency Patterns.

Optimistic Offline Lock (by David Rice).
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Domain Layer with Data Mappers (165) (Java).
Pessimistic Offline Lock (by David Rice).
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Simple Lock Manager (Java).
Coarse-Grained Lock (by David Rice and Matt Foemmel).
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Shared Optimistic Offline Lock (416) (Java).
Example: Shared Pessimistic Offline Lock (426) (Java).
Example: Root Optimistic Offline Lock (416) (Java).
Implicit Lock (by David Rice).
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Implicit Pessimistic Offline Lock (426) (Java).


17. Session State Patterns.

Client Session State.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Server Session State.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Database Session State.
How It Works.

When to Use It.


18. Base Patterns.

Gateway.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: A Gateway to a Proprietary Messaging S It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Domain Layer with Data Mappers (165) (Java).
Pessimistic Offline Lock (by David Rice).
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Simple Lock Manager (Java).
Coarse-Grained Lock (by David Rice and Matt Foemmel).
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Shared Optimistic Offline Lock (416) (Java).
Example: Shared Pessimistic Offline Lock (426) (Java).
Example: Root Optimistic Offline Lock (416) (Java).
Implicit Lock (by David Rice).
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Implicit Pessimistic Offline Lock (426) (Java).


17. Session State Patterns.

Client Session State.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Server Session State.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Database Session State.
How It Works.

When to Use It.


18. Base Patterns.

Gateway.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: A Gateway to a Proprietary Messaging Service (Java).
Mapper.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Layer Supertype.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Domain Object (Java).
Separated Interface.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Registry.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: A Singleton Registry (Java).
Example: Thread-Safe Registry (Java) (by Matt Foemmel and Martin Fowler).
Value Object.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Money.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: A Money Class (Java) (by Matt Foemmel and Martin Fowler).
Special Case.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: A Simple Null Object (C#).
Plugin (by David Rice and Matt Foemmel).
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: An Id Generator (Java).
Service Stub (by David Rice).
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Sales Tax Service (Java).
Record Set.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
References
ervice (Java).
Mapper.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Layer Supertype.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Domain Object (Java).
Separated Interface.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Registry.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: A Singleton Registry (Java).
Example: Thread-Safe Registry (Java) (by Matt Foemmel and Martin Fowler).
Value Object.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Money.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: A Money Class (Java) (by Matt Foemmel and Martin Fowler).
Special Case.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Further Reading.
Example: A Simple Null Object (C#).
Plugin (by David Rice and Matt Foemmel).
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: An Id Generator (Java).
Service Stub (by David Rice).
How It Works.

When to Use It.
Example: Sales Tax Service (Java).
Record Set.
How It Works.

When to Use It.
References

商品描述(中文翻譯)

目錄


前言。


本書適合對象。
致謝。
版權聲明。



導論。


架構。
企業應用程式。
企業應用程式的種類。
思考效能。
模式。

模式的結構。



這些模式的限制。


I. 敘事。







1. 分層。


企業應用程式中分層的演變。
三個主要分層。
選擇在哪裡運行分層。



2. 組織領域邏輯。


做出選擇。
服務層。



3. 對關聯式資料庫進行映射。


架構模式。
行為問題。
讀取資料。
結構映射模式。

映射關聯。



繼承。
建立映射。

雙重映射。



使用元數據。
資料庫連接。
一些雜項事項。
進一步閱讀。



4. 網頁呈現。


視圖模式。
輸入控制器模式。
進一步閱讀。



5. 並發(由Martin Fowler和David Rice撰寫)。


並發問題。
執行上下文。
隔離和不可變性。
樂觀和悲觀並發控制。

防止不一致的讀取。



死鎖。
事務。
ACID。

事務資源。



降低活性的事務隔離。
業務和系統事務。
離線並發控制的模式。
應用伺服器並發性。
進一步閱讀。



6. 會話狀態。


無狀態的價值。
會話狀態。
儲存會話狀態的方式。



7. 分佈策略。


分佈物件的吸引力。
遠程